Přítomný čas prostý / Present Simple
Tvary
Kladná oznamovací věta
Podmět + sloveso v zákl. tvaru + (s/es ve 3. os. j.č.)
- I play tennis every weekend.
- She works in an office.
Otázka
(Wh?) + do/does + podmět + sloveso v zákl. tvaru
- Do you like ice-cream?
- Where does he work?
Zápor
Podmět + do/does + not + sloveso v zákl. tvaru
Stažené tvary: you do not = you don’t, he does not = he doesn’t apod.
- I do not get up before eight. / I don’t get up …
- Amy does not like dogs. / Amy doesn’t like …
Sloveso „to be”
Tvary slovesa „to be” jsou am (1. os. j. č.), is (3. os. j. č.) a are. Zápor se tvoří přidáním not a otázky obrácením slovosledu.
| Kladné věty | Zápor | Otázka |
|---|---|---|
| I am. / I’m. | I am not. / I’m not. | Am I? |
| You are. / You’re. | You are not. / You aren’t. | Are you? |
| He is. / He’s. | He is not. / He isn’t. | Is he? |
| She is. / She’s. | She is not. / She isn’t. | Is she? |
| It is. / It’s. | It is not. / It isn’t. | Is it? |
| We are. / We’re. | We are not. / We aren’t. | Are we? |
| They are. / They’re. | They are not. / They aren’t. | Are they? |
- I am at home. / I’m …
- They are not at school. / They aren’t …
- Is she happy?
Sloveso „to have (got)”
Britská angličtina
| Kladné věty | Zápor | Otázka |
|---|---|---|
| I have got. / I’ve got. | I have not got. / I haven’t got. | Have I got? |
| You have got. / You’ve got. | You have not got. / You haven’t got. | Have you got? |
| He has got. / He’s got. | He has not got. / He hasn’t got. | Has he got? |
| She has got. / She’s got. | She has not got. / She hasn’t got. | Has she got? |
| It has got. / It’s got. | It has not got. / It hasn’t got. | Has it got? |
| We have got. / We’ve got. | We have not got. / We haven’t got. | Have we got? |
| They have got. / They’ve got. | They have not got. / They haven’t got. | Have they got? |
Americká angličtina
| Kladné věty | Zápor | Otázka |
|---|---|---|
| I have. | I do not have. / I don’t have. | Do I have? |
| You have. | You do not have. / You don’t have. | Do you have? |
| He has. | He does not have. / He doesn’t have. | Does he have? |
| She has. | She does not have. / She doesn’t have. | Does she have? |
| It has. | It does not have. / It doesn’t have. | Does it have? |
| We have. | We do not have. / We don’t have. | Do we have? |
| They have. | They do not have. / They don’t have. | Do they have? |
Použití
Opakovaný děj
Sem patří zvyky, obvyklé denní činnosti, vše, co se odehrává dle rozvrhu apod. Věty často obsahují výrazy, které udávají míru opakování děje: always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom/rarely, everyday.
- I usually get up at seven.
- She plays badminton every Tuesday.
Fakta
- Sharks eat meat.
- Jim doesn’t like milk.
Naplánované události v budoucnosti
Běžně se používá např. když mluvíme o jízdních řádech nebo naplánovaných akcích.
- The train leaves at 6:30 AM.
- The concert starts at 21:00 PM.
Momentální stav
Platí pouze pro slovesa, která běžně netvoří průběhový tvar.
- I need your help.
- Mr Williams is already here.